Collaboration Review
- Diverse Skills: Teams consist of individuals with varied backgrounds and expertise, enriching the software development process.
- Creativity Boost: Collaborative settings promote idea sharing, leading to innovative solutions.
- Efficient Task Allocation: Assigning tasks based on strengths enhances work efficiency.
- Quality Assurance: Multiple team members ensure early error detection, resulting in higher-quality software.
- Knowledge Sharing: Continuous learning and skill development occur through team interactions.
- Diversity in Teams: Teams benefit from diverse technical skills, experience levels, cultural backgrounds, genders, and ages.
- Facilitating Communication: Effective communication is essential, achieved through regular meetings, collaboration tools, documentation, and clear channels.
- Accountability: Setting milestones, tracking progress, peer reviews, check-ins, feedback, and recognition ensure effective contributions to team goals.
Program Function and Purpose
Program with Output
- This code outputs the first 10 numbers of Fibonacci series.
# Initialize the first two Fibonacci numbers
a, b = 0, 1
# Number of Fibonacci numbers to be printed
n = 10
print("First", n, "Fibonacci numbers:")
for _ in range(n):
print(a)
a, b = b, a + b
First 10 Fibonacci numbers: 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
Program with input and Output
- This program gets input of User’s name and outputs a greeting.
# Input: Ask the user for their name
name = input("Please enter your name: ")
# Process: Create a personalized greeting
greeting = f"Hello, {name}! Welcome to our program."
# Output: Display the personalized greeting
print(greeting)
Hello, Nitin! Welcome to our program.
Program with List
- This is my list of of fruits. Here, I display many different functions with lists.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "date"]
# Display the list
print("Original list:", fruits)
# Add an item to the list
fruits.append("elderberry")
print("After adding an item:", fruits)
# Remove an item from the list
fruits.remove("cherry")
print("After removing an item:", fruits)
# Reverse the list
fruits.reverse()
print("Reversed list:", fruits)
# Sort the list
fruits.sort()
print("Sorted list:", fruits)
# Find the index of an item
index = fruits.index("date")
print("Index of 'date':", index)
# Insert an item at a specific position
fruits.insert(2, "fig")
print("After inserting an item:", fruits)
# Count occurrences of an item
count = fruits.count("apple")
print("Count of 'apple':", count)
# Clear the list
fruits.clear()
print("After clearing the list:", fruits)
Original list: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘date’] After adding an item: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘cherry’, ‘date’, ‘elderberry’] After removing an item: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘date’, ‘elderberry’] Reversed list: [‘elderberry’, ‘date’, ‘banana’, ‘apple’] Sorted list: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘date’, ‘elderberry’] Index of ‘date’: 2 After inserting an item: [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘fig’, ‘date’, ‘elderberry’] Count of ‘apple’: 1 After clearing the list: []
Program with Dictionary
- This is my dictionary. Here, I display many different functions with lists.
# Create a dictionary
person = {
"name": "John",
"age": 30,
"city": "New York"
}
# Accessing elements
print(person["name"]) # Output: John
print(person.get("age")) # Output: 30
# Adding elements
person["job"] = "Engineer"
print(person) # Output: {'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York', 'job': 'Engineer'}
# Removing elements
del person["age"]
print(person) # Output: {'name': 'John', 'city': 'New York', 'job': 'Engineer'}
# Iterating through a dictionary
for key, value in person.items():
print(f"{key}: {value}")
# Checking if a key exists
if "city" in person:
print(f"City is: {person['city']}") # Output: City is: New York
# Dictionary length
print(len(person)) # Output: 3
# Nested dictionaries
person['address'] = {
'street': '123 Main St',
'zipcode': '10001'
}
print(person['address']['street']) # Output: 123 Main St
John 30 {‘name’: ‘John’, ‘age’: 30, ‘city’: ‘New York’, ‘job’: ‘Engineer’} {‘name’: ‘John’, ‘city’: ‘New York’, ‘job’: ‘Engineer’} name: John city: New York job: Engineer City is: New York 3 123 Main St
Program with Iteration
- This is my function of factorial using iteration in the form of for loops.
def factorial(n):
result = 1
for i in range(1, n + 1):
result *= i
return result
# Get input from the user
num = int(input("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: "))
# Check if the number is negative, zero, or positive
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}")
The factorial of 4 is 24
Program with a Function to perform mathematical and/or a statistical calculations.
- This my program that offers the user a choice to perform either a mathematical calculation (like square root) or a statistical calculation (like mean of a list of numbers).
import math
def calculate_square_root(number):
"""Return the square root of the given number."""
return math.sqrt(number)
def calculate_mean(numbers):
"""Return the mean of a list of numbers."""
return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
# Display options to the user
print("Choose an operation:")
print("1. Calculate Square Root")
print("2. Calculate Mean of a List of Numbers")
choice = int(input("Enter your choice (1/2): "))
if choice == 1:
number = float(input("Enter the number to find its square root: "))
print(f"Square root of {number} is {calculate_square_root(number)}")
elif choice == 2:
numbers = list(map(float, input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces: ").split()))
print(f"Mean of the given numbers is {calculate_mean(numbers)}")
else:
print("Invalid choice!")
Choose an operation: 1. Calculate Square Root 2. Calculate Mean of a List of Numbers Square root of 25.0 is 5.0
Program with Selection/Condition
- The code determines and displays the appropriate ticket type and its cost based on the user’s age input.
def determine_ticket_type(age):
"""Determine the type of ticket based on age."""
if age < 5:
return "Toddler Ticket - Free"
elif age < 13:
return "Child Ticket - $5"
elif age < 60:
return "Adult Ticket - $10"
else:
return "Senior Ticket - $7"
# Get age input from the user
try:
age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
print("Age " + str(age))
# Determine and print the ticket type
print(determine_ticket_type(age))
except ValueError:
print("Please enter a valid age.")
Age 10 Child Ticket - $5
Program with Purpose
- This code gets and input of city and outputs the weather in that city.
import requests
API_KEY = '2f154dace08459a35fe9522ff7de936d'
BASE_URL = "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?"
def get_weather(city_name):
complete_url = BASE_URL + "q=" + city_name + "&appid=" + API_KEY
response = requests.get(complete_url)
data = response.json()
if data["cod"] != 404:
main_data = data["main"]
weather_data = data["weather"][0]
temperature = main_data["temp"] - 273.15 # Convert Kelvin to Celsius
humidity = main_data["humidity"]
weather_description = weather_data["description"]
return (f"Weather in {city_name}:\n"
f"Temperature: {temperature:.2f}°C\n"
f"Humidity: {humidity}%\n"
f"Description: {weather_description.capitalize()}")
else:
return "City Not Found!"
city_name = input("Enter city name: ")
print(get_weather(city_name))
Weather in London: Temperature: 18.60°C Humidity: 84% Description: Broken clouds
Program Design and Development
Proccess of Factorial.
def factorial(n):
result = 1
for i in range(1, n + 1):
result *= i
return result
# Get input from the user
num = int(input("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: "))
# Check if the number is negative, zero, or positive
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}")
Documentation of a program with a List and Iteration.
"""
Program: List Calculation
Description:
This Python program takes a list of numbers, iterates through it, and performs two calculations:
1. It calculates the sum of all even numbers in the list.
2. It calculates the product of all odd numbers in the list.
Usage:
1. Define a list of numbers in the 'numbers' variable.
2. The program will iterate through the list and perform the calculations.
3. The results (sum of even numbers and product of odd numbers) will be displayed.
Example:
If the 'numbers' list contains [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], the program will output:
Sum of even numbers: 30
Product of odd numbers: 945
"""
# Define a list of numbers
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
# Initialize variables for sum of even numbers and product of odd numbers
even_sum = 0
odd_product = 1
# Iterate through the list and perform calculations
for number in numbers:
if number % 2 == 0: # Check if the number is even
even_sum += number
else:
odd_product *= number
# Print the results
print("Sum of even numbers:", even_sum)
print("Product of odd numbers:", odd_product)
Sum of even numbers: 30 Product of odd numbers: 945
Show comments on a program that does a mathematical and/or statistical calculation.
# Import the statistics module which provides functions to perform statistical operations.
import statistics as stats
# Initialize a list of numbers. This will serve as the sample data
# for which we want to compute the mean, median, and standard deviation.
numbers = [2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9]
# Define a function to calculate the mean of a list of numbers.
def calculate_mean(nums):
"""
Calculate the mean (average) of a given list of numbers.
:param nums: A list containing numeric values.
:return: The arithmetic mean of the numbers.
"""
# To compute the mean, sum all elements in the list
# and divide by the number of elements.
return sum(nums) / len(nums)
# Define a function to determine the median of a list of numbers.
def calculate_median(nums):
"""
Calculate the median (middle value) of a given list of numbers.
:param nums: A list containing numeric values.
:return: The median value.
"""
# First, sort the list in ascending order to determine the middle values.
sorted_nums = sorted(nums)
# Find the number of elements in the sorted list.
n = len(sorted_nums)
# Determine if the number of elements is odd.
if n % 2 == 1:
# If odd, the median is the single middle number in the sorted list.
return sorted_nums[n//2]
else:
# If even, the median is the average of the two middle numbers in the sorted list.
left = sorted_nums[(n-1)//2]
right = sorted_nums[n//2]
return (left + right) / 2
# Define a function to calculate the standard deviation of a list of numbers.
def calculate_std_dev(nums):
"""
Calculate the standard deviation (a measure of variability)
of a given list of numbers.
:param nums: A list containing numeric values.
:return: The standard deviation of the numbers.
"""
# The stdev function from the statistics library is used
# to easily compute the standard deviation.
return stats.stdev(nums)
# Now, we'll utilize our defined functions to compute and display
# the mean, median, and standard deviation of our sample data.
# Display the computed mean of the sample data.
print(f"Mean: {calculate_mean(numbers)}")
# Display the computed median of the sample data.
print(f"Median: {calculate_median(numbers)}")
# Display the computed standard deviation of the sample data.
print(f"Standard Deviation: {calculate_std_dev(numbers)}")
Mean: 5.0 Median: 4.5 Standard Deviation: 2.138089935299395
Identyfing and Correct Errors
def factorial(n):
"""
Calculates the factorial of a given number.
:param n: Number for which factorial needs to be calculated.
:return: Factorial of the given number.
"""
if n < 0:
raise ValueError("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers.")
result = 1
for i in range(1, n + 1):
result *= i
return result
def get_input_and_calculate_factorial():
"""
Gets input from the user and prints the factorial.
Incorporates error-handling to ensure valid input and outputs.
"""
try:
# Get input from the user.
num = int(input("Enter a number to calculate its factorial: "))
# Check if the number is negative, zero, or positive.
if num < 0:
print("Sorry, factorial does not exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
print("The factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial(num)}")
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Error: {e}. Please enter a valid number.")
def tester():
"""
Tester function to validate the functionality of the factorial function.
"""
test_cases = [-1, 0, 5, 7]
expected_results = [None, 1, 120, 5040]
for num, expected in zip(test_cases, expected_results):
try:
result = factorial(num)
assert result == expected, f"Expected {expected}, but got {result} for input {num}"
print(f"Test case for {num} passed!")
except ValueError as e:
print(f"Test case for {num} raised error as expected: {e}")
except AssertionError as e:
print(f"Test case for {num} failed: {e}")
# Uncomment the line below if you want to manually input numbers and check results.
# get_input_and_calculate_factorial()
# Run the tester function to validate functionality.
tester()
Test case for -1 raised error as expected: Factorial is not defined for negative numbers. Test case for 0 passed! Test case for 5 passed! Test case for 7 passed!